The coastline reflects coastal environmental processes and dynamic changes, serving as a fundamental parameter for coast. Although several global coastline datasets have been developed, they mainly focus on coastal morphology, the typology of coastlines are still lacking. We produced a Global CoastLine Dataset (GCL_FCS30) with a detailed classification system. The coastline extraction employed a combined algorithm incorporating the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index and an adaptive threshold segmentation method. The coastline classification was performed a hybrid transect classifier that integrates a random forest algorithm with stable training samples derived from multi-source geophysical data. The GCL_FCS30 offers significant advantages in capturing artificial coastlines, reflecting strong alignment with location validation data. The GCL_FCS30 classification was found to achieve an overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient over 85% and 0.75. Each coastline category accurately covered the majority of the area represented in third-party data and exhibited a high degree of spatial relevance. Therefore, the GCL_FCS30 is the first global coastline category dataset covering the high latitudes in a continuous and smooth line vector format.
