This study evaluated the effect of laboratory oxidation and testing temperature on asphalt mixtures’ moisture damage. The purpose of this study was to present a modified American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T283 testing procedure that is more sensitive to moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. This study assessed the original test conditioning (OTC), short-term oxidative conditioning (STOC), and long-term oxidative conditioning (LTOC). Three performance grades (PGs)—PG 64-22, PG 76-22, and PG 52-34—and three test temperatures—the ambient laboratory temperature (25°C), asphalt intermediate temperature, and climate intermediate temperature (CIT)—were selected. To better understand the oxidation and moisture conditioning effects, AASHTO T283’s Tensile Strength Ratio ( TSR%) was utilized. Furthermore, additional analysis of the load–displacement curve parameters was carried out using the Indirect Tensile Asphalt Cracking Test, where an interaction diagram that included the mixture toughness ( Gf), ductile–brittle behavior ratio ( l75/ m75), and their interactions with CTindex was created. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis to determine an appropriate oxidation and testing temperature where moisture damage is most sensitive. Results showed that higher oxidation and CIT had the greatest impact on TSR%. Moisture conditioning increased the CTindex and oxidation reduced the CTindex. The increase in CTindex was attributable to an increasing l75/| m75| and decreasing Gf. The CTindex decreased because of reducing l75/| m75| and increasing Gf. The statistical analyses showed that asphalt mixtures are more susceptible to moisture damage at STOC and LTOC than OTC. Overall, the findings highlight the need for an alternative oxidation conditioning and testing at the CIT to more accurately detect moisture damage in asphalt mixtures.
