The inertial sublayer of adverse pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers is investigated using new experimental measurements (
$7000 \lesssim \delta ^+ \lesssim 7800$
), existing lower Reynolds number experimental (
$\delta ^+ \approx 1000$
) and computational (
$\delta ^+<800$
) data sets, where
$\delta ^+$
is the friction Reynolds number. In the present experimental set-up the boundary layer is under modest APG conditions, where the Clauser PG parameter
$\beta$
is
${\leq }1.8$
. Well-resolved hot-wire measurements are obtained at the Flow Physics Facility at the University of New Hampshire in the region of an APG ramp. Comparisons are made with zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer (ZPG TBL) experimental data at similar Reynolds number and numerical simulation data at lower Reynolds number. The main aims of the present study centre on the inertial sublayer of the APG TBL and the degree to which its characteristics are similar to those of the ZPG TBL. This investigation utilizes equation-based analyses and empirical approaches. Among other results, the data suggest that even though the APG TBL streamwise variance does not exhibit a logarithmic profile (unlike the ZPG TBL) both ZPG and APG TBLs exhibit distance-from-the-wall scaling on the inertial sublayer. Theoretical arguments suggest that wall-distance scaling resulting from a self-similar dynamics is consistent with both a single velocity scale leading to a log-law in mean velocity profile as well as multiple velocity scales leading to a power-law mean velocity profile.
