Background: Growing mental health services access disparities are an economic burden for the U.S., with direct and indirect costs exceeding $1.24 trillion. The U.S. invests millions of dollars annually to engage, develop, and disseminate evidence-based interventions for adolescent mental health disorders, yet poor access to treatment, stigma, and low engagement remain fundamental impediments to treatment effectiveness. While race/ethnic groups in the U.S. have comparable mental health prevalence rates, Latino youth access services at much lower rates. Approximately 38% of Caucasians with a mental illness receive mental health care services, vs. 22% of Latinos. Latinos experience greater difficulty accessing mental health services (20-22) and remaining engaged in treatment, and are under-represented in mental health care settings. In 2012, the number of Latinos in the U.S. was approximately 53 million, a 50% increase from 2000. Latinos will be 57% of the U.S. population by 2060. Individual, family, and societal burdens resulting from poor Latino access to and engagement in mental health services will increase if under-utilization of mental health services by Latinos continues.
This research examined the specific attitudes and perceptions of Latinos toward seeking mental health services, the implications of stigma on treatment, and the identification of barriers and promoters that hinder and facilitate Latino families’ ability to access and engage in mental health services
Methods: 487 Latinos were field recruited throughout Houston, Texas with the help of community gatekeepers to complete a survey of their attitudes toward mental health treatment and stigma. In addition to demographic questions, the survey included standardized measures such as the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale and Stigma Concerns About Mental Health Care Scale. The survey took approximately 30-40 minutes to complete; participants received a $15 gift card for participation. Analysis included basic demographics, t-tests, and regression modeling of attitudes toward help seeking.
Results: 68% of the sample were female, with an average age of 43.21 (SD: 0.74) years. Participants reported their country of origin as U.S. (16%), Mexico (56%); Central America (22%), South America (4%), and Caribbean (2%). 57% of participants reported knowing someone with a mental health problem (MHP), 37% knew a friend with a MHP, 30% had a family member with a MHP, and 10% reported experiencing a MHP. OLS regression was used to model the relationship between demographic characteristics and attitudes toward seeking profession psychological help, F(6,394)=9.47, p<0.001, R2=.126. Results indicated that emerging adults (18-25 years) reported less positive attitudes toward help seeking compared to those above age 25 (B=-2.92, S.E.=.58, t=-5.01, p<0.01); and foreign-born Latinos had more positive attitudes toward help seeking compared to U.S. born Latinos (B=1.70, S.E.=.57, t=2.97, p=0.003).
Conclusions and Implications: Given the connection to social work—the discipline most mental health services providers come from – findings inform and educate mental health practitioners to the unique understanding and perceptions of Latinos when accessing and engaging in treatment, and shed light on necessary elements for the cultural grounding of assessment and treatment interventions to increase Latino participation in services. Implications for improving access and engagement to mental health treatment for Latinos will be highlighted, and strategies for engaging this vulnerable and often hidden community in mental health services will be explored.
