This chapter synthesizes the research and relevant conceptual frameworks around reading comprehension among middle-school age learners. Typically, these students have mastered the skills and strategies of basic fluency, but often struggle with the challenges of comprehension strategies, vocabulary, background knowledge and increasingly, reading online. Some existing instructional frameworks are reviewed (e.g., reciprocal teaching, CORI), as well as recommendations for general classroom practices such as extensive opportunities for reading and discussing texts, choice, and read aloud.
